Debugging is an essential skill for any developer, as it helps identify and fix issues in applications. PyCharm, a popular integrated development environment (IDE) for Python, provides powerful debugging features that can make the debugging process much smoother. In this blog post, we will explore how to debug applications in Python using PyCharm.
Installation and Setup
To get started, you need to have PyCharm installed on your machine. You can download the community edition for free from the PyCharm website. Once installed, open PyCharm and create a new project.
Configuring a Debugging Session
- Open the project in PyCharm.
- Navigate to the file you want to debug.
- Set breakpoints by clicking on the left gutter of the code editor or by pressing
Ctrl+F8. Breakpoints allow you to pause the execution of your code at specific points to inspect variables and state. - Once you have set the breakpoints, click on the Run menu and select Debug.
- Alternatively, you can also run the code in debug mode by pressing
Shift+F9or by right-clicking on the file and selecting Debug 'filename.py'.
The Debugging Process
- When the application reaches a breakpoint, PyCharm will pause the execution and highlight the line of code where the breakpoint is set.
- The Debug Tool Window will appear, displaying information such as the call stack, variables, and their values.
- You can step through the code by using the buttons in the Debug Tool Window or the corresponding shortcuts:
- Step Over (
F8): Executes the current line and moves to the next line. If the current line contains a method call, it will execute the entire method without diving into its implementation details. - Step Into (
F7): Executes the current line and, if the current line contains a method call, jumps into the first line of the method. - Step Out (
Shift+F8): Immediately finishes the execution of the current method and returns to the caller. - Resume Program (
F9): Resumes the normal execution of the program until the next breakpoint is encountered.
- Step Over (
- While debugging, you can inspect variables by hovering over them to see their current values or by using the Debug Tool Window to view all variables in the current scope.
- You can also modify variable values during debugging. Simply double-click on the value in the Debug Tool Window and enter the new value.
Debugging Tips and Tricks
- Conditional breakpoints: You can set breakpoints that only trigger when a certain condition is met. Right-click on the breakpoint and select Edit Breakpoint. In the dialog that appears, enter the condition in the Condition field.
- Watches: Watches allow you to monitor specific variables and expressions in real-time. Right-click on the variable or expression in the Debug Tool Window and select Add to Watches.
- Logpoints: Logpoints are a special kind of breakpoint that logs a message to the console instead of pausing the execution. Right-click on the breakpoint and select Edit Breakpoint. In the dialog that appears, enter your log message in the Log Message field.
- Exception breakpoints: PyCharm allows you to break the execution whenever a specific exception is raised. Open the Breakpoints dialog, click on the + button, and select Python Exception Breakpoint. Choose the exception you want to catch and break on.
Conclusion
PyCharm's powerful debugging features can significantly simplify the debugging process and help identify and fix issues in your Python applications more efficiently. By following the steps and utilizing the provided tips and tricks, you can enhance your debugging skills and become a more proficient Python developer. Happy debugging!
本文来自极简博客，作者：编程艺术家，转载请注明原文链接：How to Debug Applications in Python using
