Linux, as an open-source operating system, has a unique file system hierarchy that differs from other operating systems like Windows. Understanding the Linux file system hierarchy is essential for any Linux user or administrator. In this blog post, we will explore the different directories and their purposes in the Linux file system.
/ (Root Directory)
The root directory is the top-level directory in the Linux file system hierarchy. It contains all other directories and files. In Linux, the root directory is represented by a single forward slash (/). All other directories and files are either located directly in the root directory or in subdirectories.
/bin (Binaries)
The /bin directory contains essential binary files that are required by the system and users. These binary files are executable and are usually accessible by all users.
/boot (Boot Loader Files)
The /boot directory stores all files related to the boot process, such as the kernel, boot loader configuration files, and initial RAM disk.
/dev (Device Files)
The /dev directory contains special files that represent devices connected to the system, including hard drives, USB devices, and input/output devices like keyboards and mice.
/etc (Configuration Files)
The /etc directory stores configuration files for system-wide settings and services. It contains important files like network configuration, user account information, and system startup scripts.
/home (User Home Directories)
Each user on a Linux system has a home directory located in the /home directory. User-specific files and directories are stored in their respective home directories.
/lib (Libraries)
The /lib directory contains libraries required by the system and software installed on the system. These libraries are essential for the proper functioning of software.
/mnt (Mount Points)
The /mnt directory is used as a temporary mount point for attaching external storage devices like USB drives or network shares. Mounting a device makes its contents accessible to the system and users.
/opt (Optional Software Packages)
The /opt directory is used for installing optional software packages that are not included in the default system installation. It provides a location for third-party software to be installed separately.
/proc (Process Information)
The /proc directory contains real-time information about running processes and the system. It provides a virtual file system that gives access to system resources and configuration.
/root (Root User Home Directory)
The /root directory is the home directory for the root user. Only the root user has write access to this directory.
/sbin (System Binaries)
The /sbin directory contains essential system binaries that are used for system administration tasks. These binaries are usually restricted to the root user for security reasons.
/tmp (Temporary Files)
The /tmp directory is used for storing temporary files that are created by the system and users. It is typically emptied on each system reboot.
/usr (User Programs)
The /usr directory contains user programs and files. It is divided into subdirectories such as /usr/bin for user binaries, /usr/sbin for system administration binaries, and /usr/lib for libraries.
/var (Variable Data)
The /var directory is used to store variable files that change frequently during system operation. It includes log files, spool files, and other temporary files.
Understanding the Linux file system hierarchy is crucial for effectively navigating and managing the file system. It is the foundation for organizing files, directories, and system resources in Linux. By knowing the purpose of each directory, users and administrators can optimize their system configuration, improve security, and efficiently manage their files and processes.
本文来自极简博客，作者：梦幻星辰，转载请注明原文链接：Introduction to Linux File System Hierarchy
