RabbitMQ是一个功能丰富的开源消息代理软件，被广泛用于构建分布式系统和异步通信的应用程序。它基于AMQP（高级消息队列协议）实现，并提供了易于使用的管理界面。
本文将介绍在Linux服务器上安装和配置RabbitMQ的步骤，以便您能够开始使用这个强大的消息代理。
步骤1：安装依赖项
首先，我们需要安装一些依赖项，以确保RabbitMQ能够正常运行。打开终端并运行以下命令：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev wget
这将安装构建工具和ssl库，以及用于下载RabbitMQ软件包的wget工具。
步骤2：下载并安装RabbitMQ
接下来，我们将从RabbitMQ官方网站下载最新的软件包。使用wget命令下载RabbitMQ的Debian软件包，运行以下命令：
wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.9.5/rabbitmq-server_3.9.5-1_all.deb
下载完成后，使用以下命令安装软件包：
sudo dpkg -i rabbitmq-server_3.9.5-1_all.deb
步骤3：启动RabbitMQ服务
安装完成后，我们可以启动RabbitMQ服务。运行以下命令：
sudo service rabbitmq-server start
您可以使用以下命令检查RabbitMQ服务的运行状态：
sudo service rabbitmq-server status
如果服务正在运行，您将看到类似于以下输出：
Status of node 'rabbit@localhost' ...
[{pid,19375},
{running_applications,[{rabbit,"RabbitMQ","3.9.5"},
{rabbit_common,
"Modules shared by rabbitmq-server plugins",
"3.9.5"},
{rabbitmq_management,"RabbitMQ Management Console","3.9.5"},
{rabbitmq_management_agent,"RabbitMQ Management Agent","3.9.5"},
{rabbitmq_web_dispatch,"RabbitMQ Web Dispatcher","3.9.5"},
{rabbitmq_management_visualiser,
"RabbitMQ Management Visualiser","3.9.5"},
{amqp_client,"RabbitMQ AMQP Client","6.2.1"},
{rabbitmq_event_exchange,
"RabbitMQ Event Exchange","3.9.5"},
{recon,"Diagnostic tools for production use","2.5.1"},
{jiffy,"Fast JSON parsing and encoding","1.0.10"},
{erlang_js,"Erlang Connector for JavaScript","3.4.2"},
{jsx,"a streaming, evented json parsing toolkit","2.11.0"},
{poolboy,"A hunky Erlang worker pool factory","1.5.2"},
{ranch,"Socket acceptor pool for TCP protocols.","1.8.2"},
{beval,"Evals (most) expressions in binaries","1.2.6"},
{os_mon,"CPO CXC 138 46","cage0000"},
{ssl,"Erlang/OTP SSL application","10.2"},
{public_key,"Public key infrastructure","1.12"},
{crypto,"CRYPTO","4.11.4"},
{asn1,"The Erlang ASN1 compiler version 5.0.9","5.0.9"},
{compiler,"ERTS CXC 138 10","7.8.10"},
{syntax_tools,"Syntax tools","2.4.1"},
{sasl,"SASL CXC 138 11","3.5"},
{stdlib,"ERTS CXC 138 10","3.15"},
{kernel,"ERTS CXC 138 10","8.3"}]},
{os,{unix,linux}},
{erlang_version,
"Erlang/OTP 24 [erts-12.2.3.7] [source] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [ds:4:4:10] [async-threads:64] [jit] [purify] [dtrace]\n"},
{memory,
[{connection_readers,0},
{connection_writers,0},
{connection_channels,0},
{connection_other,0},
{queue_procs,0},
{queue_slave_procs,0},
{plugins,1576096},
{other_proc,13673504},
{mnesia,76224},
{mgmt_db,415792},
{msg_index,128224},
{other_ets,430984},
{binary,923660},
{other_system,15092889},
{allocated_unused,6856},
{reserved_unallocated,0},
{strategy,rpg_sticky_queue},
{total,[{erlang,51923736},{rss,38719488},{allocated,51923736}]}]},
{alarms,[]},
{listeners,[{clustering,25672,"::"},{amqp,5672,"::"}]},
步骤4：配置RabbitMQ
默认情况下，RabbitMQ使用guest/guest作为默认的用户名和密码。为了增加安全性，我们应该更改默认凭据。
运行以下命令以创建一个新的用户：
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user myuser mypassword
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags myuser administrator
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / myuser ".*" ".*" ".*"
上述命令将创建一个名为myuser的用户，并将其分配为管理员角色。该用户将获得对所有虚拟主机的完全权限。
步骤5：访问RabbitMQ管理界面
现在，您可以使用任何Web浏览器与RabbitMQ管理界面进行交互。默认情况下，RabbitMQ管理界面在http://localhost:15672上运行。
使用刚才创建的用户名和密码登录管理界面，您将能够查看和管理队列、交换机等各种RabbitMQ组件。
结论
通过按照上述步骤，在Linux服务器上安装和配置RabbitMQ是非常简单的。RabbitMQ提供了一个强大的消息代理平台，可以用于构建异步通信的应用程序和分布式系统。
希望本文对您有所帮助，并鼓励您探索并利用RabbitMQ在您的项目中提供的各种功能。
欢迎在评论区分享您的体验和疑问！
本文来自极简博客，作者：魔法学徒喵，转载请注明原文链接：在Linux服务器上安装和配置RabbitMQ
